Investigation on Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Patients in Intensive Care Unit

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a predominant factor of pulmonary infection. We analyzed the risk factors of VAP with acute cerebral hemorrhage in intensive care unit (ICU) by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. After comparison of 197 cases of the VAP and non-VAP patients, we found that age > 65 years (P = 0.003), smoke (P = 0.003), coronary heart disease (P = 0.005), diabetes (P = 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P = 0.002), ICU and hospital stay (P = 0.01), and days on mechanical ventilation (P = 0.01) were significantly different, indicating that they are risk factors of VAP. All the age > 65 years (OR = 3.350, 95% CI = 1.936-5.796, P ≤ 0.001), smoke (OR = 3.206, 95% CI = 1.909-5.385, P ≤ 0.001), coronary heart disease (OR = 3.179, 95% CI = 1.015-4.130, P = 0.017), diabetes (OR = 5.042, 95% CI = 3.518-7.342, P ≤ 0.001), COPD (OR = 1.942, 95% CI = 1.258-2.843, P = 0.012), ICU and hospital stay (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.145-3.892, P = 0.038), and days on mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.992, 95% CI = 1.107-3.287, P = 0.007) are independent risk factors of VAP. After observation of patients with 6 months of follow-up, the BI score was significantly lower in VAP than that in non-VAP, and the rebleeding rate and mortality rate were significantly higher in VAP than those in non-VAP. Thus, the prognosis of the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and VAP in ICU is poor.